[HTML][HTML] CTLA-4: Acting at the Synapse
S Chikuma, JA Bluestone - Molecular interventions, 2002 - triggered.edina.clockss.org
Successful immune cell control requires a delicate balance of positive and negative
regulatory signals. Costimulatory pathways involving molecules such as CD28, inducible
costimulator (ICOS), 4-1BB, and CD40L are essential coactivators of proliferation, cytokine
production, and cell migration. To balance these signals, cell surface molecules like Fas,
tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (TNFR), and programmed death-1 (PD-1) decrease T cell
responses. Most prominent among these T cell regulators is cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen …
regulatory signals. Costimulatory pathways involving molecules such as CD28, inducible
costimulator (ICOS), 4-1BB, and CD40L are essential coactivators of proliferation, cytokine
production, and cell migration. To balance these signals, cell surface molecules like Fas,
tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (TNFR), and programmed death-1 (PD-1) decrease T cell
responses. Most prominent among these T cell regulators is cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen …